http://catholiceducation.org/articles/religion/re0285.htmlhttp://catholiceducation.org/articles/religion/re0285.html
also http://www.beginningcatholic.com/confirmation.html
and by Peter Kreeft on Baptism and Confirmation and the catechism: http://www.beginningcatholic.com/confirmation.html This is very helpful
see Ott's book 350 ff for Baptism and Pg 361ff for confirmation
see episode 7 of Symbolon ; the Catholic faith explained.
In explanation of one of the differences between the 2 , Ott on page 366 explains:
"Assertions of the Fathers (for example , Tertullian, De Bapt. 6 and 8) , ascribing to Baptism the effect of forgiveness of sins and to Confirmation the effect of the communication of the Holy Ghost, must not be understood in an exclusive sense. The forgiveness of sins is inseparable from the conferring of grace. For this reason the baptised [sic] person also receives sanctifying grace and with it, the Holy Ghost. Cf. St. Cyprian, Ep. 74,5: 'There cannot be Baptism without the (Holy) Ghost.' But the supernatural effect of the Holy Ghost in Baptism is different from that in Confirmation. In the former the Holy Ghost effects the rebirth into supernatural life, in the latter the perfection of the supernatural life."
"b) The specific operation of Confirmation is the perfection of Baptismal Grace.
................
Corresponding to its particular purpose of strengthening the recipient to give testimony to Christ (Acts I,8) the sanctifying grace conferred in Confirmation bestows a heightened power for the inward strengthening and the courageous outward confession of faith.................
The Fathers ascribe to Confirmation the perfection of that supernatural life which derives from Baptism. St. Ambrose says of the sealing with the Holy Ghost (spiritale signaculum) which occurs at Baptism: 'After the Baptism there still remains that it be perfected.....
ON Page 365-6
a) As a Sacrament of the living, Confirmation effects (per se) an increase of Sanctifying Grace.....
"In Holy Writ and in ancient Christian tradition (see Par.I) the chief effect of Confirmation is not, as a rule, called the communication of grace, but the communication of the Holy Ghost. However, the supernatural presence of the Holy Ghost implies the conferring of sanctifying grace; for the Holy Ghost, who, with the Father and the Son, is already substantially present in the soul in a natural manner as the cause of its natural being, takes up His abode in the soul of the just man in a new and supernatural manner and thereby joins the soul to God in a close supernatural union, by means of sanctifying grace, so that it shares in an intimate way in the Divine Life itself...
[ON Baptism , page 354] :
"1. Justification
Baptism confers the grace of justification
As justification consists, negatively, in the remission of sin, positively, in the sanctification and renewal of the inner man (D 799), so Baptism, provided that the proper dispositions (Faith and sorrow for sin) are present, effects: a) the eradication of sins, both original sin and, in the case of adults, also all personal, mortal or venal sins; b) inner sanctification by the infusion of sanctifying grace , with which the infused theological [faith, hope,love] and moral virtues and the gifts of the Holy Ghost are always joined.....
{note the moral virtues:
"Which are the chief moral virtues? --The chief moral virtues are prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance; these are called cardinal virtues.
All other moral virtues spring from the cardinal virtues. These are called cardinal from cardo, the Latin word forhinge, because all our moral actions turn on them as a door turns upon its hinges. All other moral virtues depend on them. [go here for more explanation of moral virtues: https://www.readability.com/articles/tttlnkdy
also virtues are discussed in 1803 ff of the CCC
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