So, to summarize, the reasoning goes:
(1) If God is perfectly Holy and just, then He cannot “clear the guilty” without the debt due to justice being satisfied.
(2) Catholics hold that God could have “cleared the guilty” (by forgiving their sin) without the debt due to justice being satisfied (e.g. through penal substitution or substitutionary gift).
(3) So, the Catholic view posits a God that is not perfectly Holy and just.Does that reasoning misrepresent the Catholic position?
Well, yes. The Catholic rejects (1) and (3). But the argument begs the question, because (1) presupposes precisely what is in question.
But, it seems that something is necessary to satisfy for sin,
You would need more than a “seems” to demonstrate the truth of that assertion.
I mentioned this in #220 above. The notion that God is unable to forgive sin without punishing it or without receiving satisfaction, treats God as subordinate to [impersonal] Justice, and thus reduces God to something less than God (because nothing is greater than God). But sin is not against something higher than God (i.e. Justice), such that God must punish or receive payment in order to cancel the debt. Sin is against God Himself. Because sin is against God Himself, and because God is free, God can freely choose to forgive that sin, period. Just as you can forgive a debt owed to you, without violating justice, so God, without punishment or payment, can forgive the debt of sin without violating justice, because sin is against Him, not against something higher than Himself to which He is subordinate.
end of quote
Romans 3 speaks about this: 21But now apart from the Law the righteousness of God has been manifested, being witnessed by the Law and the Prophets, 22even the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ for all those who believe; for there is no distinction; 23for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, 24being justified as a gift by His grace through the redemption which is in Christ Jesus; 25whom God displayed publicly as a propitiation in His blood through faith. This wasto demonstrate His righteousness, because in the forbearance of God He passed over the sins previously committed;26for the demonstration, I say, of His righteousness at the present time, so that He would be just and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus.
27Where then is boasting? It is excluded. By what kind of law? Of works? No, but by a law of faith. 28For we maintain that a man is justified by faith apart from works of the Law. 29Or is God the God of Jews only? Is He not the God of Gentiles also? Yes, of Gentiles also, 30since indeed God who will justify the circumcised by faith and the uncircumcised through faith is one.
also Romans 4: 1What then shall we say that Abraham, our forefather according to the flesh, has found? 2For if Abraham was justified by works, he has something to boast about, but not before God. 3For what does the Scripture say? “ABRAHAM BELIEVED GOD, AND IT WAS CREDITED TO HIM AS RIGHTEOUSNESS. {and}....... 20yet, with respect to the promise of God, he did not waver in unbelief but grew strong in faith, giving glory to God, 21and being fully assured that what God had promised, He was able also to perform. 22Therefore IT WAS ALSO CREDITED TO HIM AS RIGHTEOUSNESS. 23Now not for his sake only was it written that it was credited to him, 24but for our sake also, to whom it will be credited, as those who believe in Him who raised Jesus our Lord from the dead, 25He who was delivered over because of our transgressions, and was raised because of our justification.
Romans 5 18So then as through one transgression there resulted condemnation to all men, even so through one act of righteousness there resulted justification of life to all men. 19For as through the one man’s disobedience the many were made sinners, even so through the obedience of the One the many will be made righteous.
Why does Christ's blood atone?
from comment127 here http://www.calledtocommunion.com/2010/04/catholic-and-reformed-conceptions-of-the-atonement/
"... why does Christ’s blood atone. The blood represents the very life. To give one’s possessions (e.g. house, property, clothes, money) is to give something external to oneself. But to pour out one’s blood unto death, is to give one’s very self. Hence Jesus says, “Greater love has no man than this, that he lay down his life for his friends.” (Jn. 15:13) This is why His blood is so precious, and St. Peter explains that we “were not redeemed with perishable things like silver or gold from your futile way of life inherited from your forefathers, but with precious blood, as of a lamb unblemished and spotless, the blood of Christ.” (1 Pet. 1:18-19) Christ redeemed us by giving the greatest gift of love, namely, His very life, letting it be poured out for our salvation. By His blood, He offered Himself without blemish to God (Heb 9:14), and by means of this sacrifice made peace with God for us (Col 1:20) and purchased the Church (Acts 20:28; Rev. 5:9). Christ’s blood sanctifies us (and the NT frequently alludes to the OT practice of cleansing things by the sprinkling of blood) because through this perfect offering to God, Christ won for us the sanctifying grace and agape by which we are sanctified."
from comment 423
"... why does Christ’s blood atone. The blood represents the very life. To give one’s possessions (e.g. house, property, clothes, money) is to give something external to oneself. But to pour out one’s blood unto death, is to give one’s very self. Hence Jesus says, “Greater love has no man than this, that he lay down his life for his friends.” (Jn. 15:13) This is why His blood is so precious, and St. Peter explains that we “were not redeemed with perishable things like silver or gold from your futile way of life inherited from your forefathers, but with precious blood, as of a lamb unblemished and spotless, the blood of Christ.” (1 Pet. 1:18-19) Christ redeemed us by giving the greatest gift of love, namely, His very life, letting it be poured out for our salvation. By His blood, He offered Himself without blemish to God (Heb 9:14), and by means of this sacrifice made peace with God for us (Col 1:20) and purchased the Church (Acts 20:28; Rev. 5:9). Christ’s blood sanctifies us (and the NT frequently alludes to the OT practice of cleansing things by the sprinkling of blood) because through this perfect offering to God, Christ won for us the sanctifying grace and agape by which we are sanctified."
from comment 423
Christ redeemed us from the curse of the Law, having become a curse for us
St. Thomas says, “Christ freed us from punishment by enduring our punishment and our death which came upon us from the very curse of sin. Therefore, inasmuch as He endured this curse of sin by dying for us, He is said to have been made a curse for us.” And additionally, “But with respect to the evil of punishment, Cursed is everyone that hangeth on a tree is explained thus: The punishment itself is a curse, namely, that He should die in this way. Explained in this way, He was truly cursed by God, because God decreed that He endure this punishment in order to set us free.”
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